This talk was given at the 2010 Kagyu Monlam in Bodh Gaya, India. It was in honor of the nine-hundredth anniversary of the birth of the 1st Karmapa Dusum Khyenpa. Monlam, also known as the Great Prayer Festival, has been a major religious festival since 1409 C.E., when the Gelugpa Monlam started. The Kagyu Monlam started much later. It is an event where groups of Tibetan Buddhists, representing the four schools of Tibetan Buddhism, come together to do aspiration prayers in various holy places in India.
The first Kagyu Monlam conducted by H.H. the 17th Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorje was held in Bodh Gaya in 1996. Since 2007 it has been organized every year under the leadership of the 17th Karmapa and Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche. What follows here is a transcription of Shamar Rinpoche’s talk on the history of the Karmapas given at the 2010 Kagyu Monlam.